Interactions | Reactions | Processes

Classified as: Hydrogenation, catalytic

Catalytic hydrogenation is a multistep process which results in the addition of hydrogen to an organic function.

The first step involves hydrogen, an s-HOMO Lewis base, complexing with a transition metal coated inert support. (Pearson pointed out that bulk metals have Lewis acid properties thus it is not surprising that hydrogen gas should directly react with the metal.)

The next step involves the organic moiety also complexing with the metal surface.

The process continues with single electron transfer (SET) steps in which the metal complexed hydrogen atoms transfer from an association with the metal to an association with the organic function.

Finally the reduced organic function leaves the metal surface which allows the process repeats itself.

Note that (1) the reaction is catalytic in the transition metal and (2) the exact mode of reduction is very sensitive to the transition metal used.

For more information look in the Chemogenesis webbook sections on redox chemistry and the complexation of hydrogen with metals.
RCOCl
  +  
H2
  +  
Pd
on BaSO4
         
RCHO
  +  
HCl

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Ni/H2
Raney Nickel
         
R–CH3

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         
R–CH3

Go To Reaction Data Page
R–C≡C–R
  +  
H2
  +  
Pd + Pb
on CaCO3
Lindlar Cat.
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         
  +  
H2O

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Ni/H2
Raney Nickel
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Pt
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
R–C≡C–R
  +  
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
R–C≡C–R
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
R–C≡C–R
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pt
on carbon
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Rh
on Carbon
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
RCOOH
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Ru
on carbon
         
RCH2OH
  +  
2
H2O

Go To Reaction Data Page
RCHO
  +  
H2
  +  
Ru
on carbon
  +  
H2O
         
RCH2OH

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         
  +  
H2O

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Ru
on carbon
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
3
H2
  +  
Rh
on Carbon
         

Go To Reaction Data Page

2
  +  
6
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         
  +  
NH3

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
  +  
H+(aq)
         
  +  
R–NH2

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
3
H2
  +  
Rh
on Carbon
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         
  +  

Go To Reaction Data Page
RCl
  +  
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         
R–H
  +  
HCl

Go To Reaction Data Page
RBr
  +  
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         
R–H
  +  
HBr

Go To Reaction Data Page
R–I
  +  
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         
R–H
  +  
HI

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         
R–CH2CH2OH

Go To Reaction Data Page
RHC=N–NH2
  +  
H2
  +  
Pt
on carbon
         
R–CH2–NNH2

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Pt
on carbon
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Ru
on carbon
  +  
H2O
         
R2CHOH

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
4
H2
  +  
Rh
on Carbon
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
R–CN
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         
RCH2NH2

Go To Reaction Data Page

2
R–CN
  +  
4
H2
  +  
Rh
on Carbon
         
(RCH2)2NH
  +  
NH3

Go To Reaction Data Page
R–CN
  +  
R–NH2
  +  
4
H2
  +  
Rh
on Carbon
         
  +  
NH3

Go To Reaction Data Page

3
R–CN
  +  
6
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         
2
(RCH2)3N
  +  
2
NH3

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         

Go To Reaction Data Page

2
  +  
4
H2
  +  
Pt
on carbon
         
  +  
NH3

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
H2O
  +  
Pd
on C
  +  
H+(aq)
          
  +  
NH3

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
3
H2
  +  
Ni
         
  +  
2
H2O

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pt
on carbon
  +  
CH3CH2OH
         
  +  
H2O

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pt
on carbon
         
  +  
H2O

Go To Reaction Data Page
R2N–NO
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         
(R)2N–NH2
  +  
H2O

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         
  +  
H2O

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
3
H2
  +  
Rh
on Carbon
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         
  +  
H2O

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
  +  
H2
  +  
Pt
on carbon
         
  +  
H2O

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
  +  
(CH3)3COH
         
  +  

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
  +  
         
  +  

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         
  +  

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
R–NO2
  +  
3
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         
R–NH2
  +  
2
H2O

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         
  +  
R–OH

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         
RCH2OH
  +  
R–OH

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         
  +  
H2O

Go To Reaction Data Page
HC≡CH
  +  
H2
         
H2C=CH2

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Ni/H2
Raney Nickel
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Ni/H2
Raney Nickel
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
5
H2
  +  
Ni
         
  +  
H2O

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Ni
         

Go To Reaction Data Page

2
CH3CHO
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
2
NaOH
         
  +  
2
NaCl

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
2
H2
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pd
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
3
H2
  +  
Pd
on C
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
         
  +  
H2O

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
         
  +  

Go To Reaction Data Page

4
  +  
14
H2
  +  
Ni
         
  +  
  +  
  +  
  +  
4
H2O

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
HNO3|H2SO4
concentrated
  +  
H2
  +  
         

Go To Reaction Data Page

2
  +  
2
HCN
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pd
on BaSO4
  +  
2
H2O
          
  +  

Go To Reaction Data Page

2
  +  
2
HCN
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pd
on BaSO4
  +  
2
H2O
          
  +  

Go To Reaction Data Page

2
  +  
2
HCN
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pd
on BaSO4
  +  
2
H2O
          
  +  

Go To Reaction Data Page

2
  +  
2
HCN
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pd
on BaSO4
  +  
2
H2O
          
  +  

Go To Reaction Data Page

2
  +  
2
HCN
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pd
on BaSO4
  +  
2
H2O
          
  +  

Go To Reaction Data Page

2
  +  
2
HCN
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pd
on BaSO4
  +  
2
H2O
          
  +  

Go To Reaction Data Page

2
  +  
2
HCN
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Pd
on BaSO4
  +  
2
H2O
          
  +  

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
H2O
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
4
H2
  +  
Ni
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
3
H2
  +  
Ni
         
  +  
2
H2O

Go To Reaction Data Page
Sunflower
Oil
  +  
H2
  +  
Ni
         
Soft
Margarine

Go To Reaction Data Page
Sunflower
Oil
  +  
H2
  +  
Ni
         
Hard
Margarine

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Ni
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Ni
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
CH3CN
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Ni
         
CH3CH2NH2

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Ni
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
H2
  +  
Pd
         

Go To Reaction Data Page
  +  
2
H2
  +  
Ni
         

Go To Reaction Data Page

© Mark R. Leach 1999 –

Queries, Suggestions, Bugs, Errors, Typos...

If you have any:

Queries
Comments
Suggestions
Suggestions for links
Bug, typo or grammatical error reports about this page,

please contact Mark R. Leach, the author, using mark@meta-synthesis.com