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Interactions | Reactions | Processes
Classified as: Addition: Electrophilic Protonation
The addition of Brønsted is a stepwise process. The first step involves a electrophilic proton complexing with a pi-system to generate Type 4 Lewis complex which collapses to a carbenium ion centre. This subsequently complexes with a nucleophilic Lewis base, usually, but not always, the counter ion of the Brønsted acid used to initiate the reaction.
For more information look in the Chemogenesis webbook section on addition reactions.![](http://www.chemthes.com/mech/24.gif)
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HCl |
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HBr |
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HI |
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R–C≡C–R |
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HCl |
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HCl |
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CO |
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H2O |
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H+ |
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H+(aq) |
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(CH3)3C–COOH |
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RCHO |
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R–OH |
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H2O |
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R–OH |
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H2O |
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2 |
R–OH |
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2 |
H2O |
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H+ |
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O=C=C=C=O |
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2 |
HCl |
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HF |
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HCl |
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HBr |
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(CH3)3CBr |
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HI |
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(CH3)3CI |
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H2O |
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H2SO4 |
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(CH3)3COH |
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CH3–CH=CH2 |
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HF |
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CH3–CH=CH2 |
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HCl |
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CH3–CH=CH2 |
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HBr |
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(CH3)2CHBr |
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CH3–CH=CH2 |
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HI |
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(CH3)2CHI |
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CH3–CH=CH2 |
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H2O |
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H+ |
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H2C=CH2 |
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HF |
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H2C=CH2 |
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HCl |
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AlCl3 |
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CH3CH2Cl |
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H2C=CH2 |
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HBr |
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AlBr3 |
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CH3CH2Br |
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H2C=CH2 |
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HI |
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CH3CH2I |
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H2C=CH2 |
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H2O |
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H+ |
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CH3CH2OH |
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HC≡CH |
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H2O |
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H+ |
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CH3CHO |
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HC≡CH |
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HCl |
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HgCl2 |
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H2C=CHCl |
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H2C=CH2 |
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HClO |
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CH3–CH=CH2 |
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HClO |
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CH3OH |
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HCN |
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[OH]– |
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CH3OH |
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H2SO4 |
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H2O |
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[NH4]+ |
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[HSO4]– |
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H2O |
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2 |
HCN |
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HCl |
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CO |
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H2O |
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H+ |
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HC≡CH |
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H2O |
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H+ |
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CH3CHO |
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2 |
H2C=CH2 |
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H2SO4 |
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Ag2SO4 |
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(C2H5O)2SO2 |
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CH3COOH |
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H2C=CH2 |
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3 |
H2O |
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H2SO4 |
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3 |
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H2C=CHCl |
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HCl |
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FeCl3 |
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CH3CHCl2 |
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CH3CHCl2 |
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Cl2 |
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SiO2 |
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CH3CCl3 |
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HCl |
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H2O |
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H+ |
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CH3CHO |
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HCN |
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H2O |
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H2O |
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H+ |
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2 |
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2 |
HCN |
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2 |
H2 |
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Pd on BaSO4 |
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2 |
H2O |
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2 |
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2 |
HCN |
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2 |
H2 |
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Pd on BaSO4 |
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2 |
H2O |
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2 |
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2 |
HCN |
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2 |
H2 |
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Pd on BaSO4 |
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2 |
H2O |
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2 |
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2 |
HCN |
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2 |
H2 |
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Pd on BaSO4 |
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2 |
H2O |
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2 |
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2 |
HCN |
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2 |
H2 |
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Pd on BaSO4 |
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2 |
H2O |
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2 |
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2 |
HCN |
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2 |
H2 |
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Pd on BaSO4 |
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2 |
H2O |
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2 |
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2 |
HCN |
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2 |
H2 |
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Pd on BaSO4 |
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2 |
H2O |
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+ |
HBr |
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H2SO4 |
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H2C=CH2 |
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H2SO4 |
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HBr |
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© Mark R. Leach 1999 –
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