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Interactions | Reactions | Processes
Classified as: Reduction: Of Substrate By Reagent
A substrate is deemed to be reduced by a reducing agent if the reducing agent (1) adds electrons to the substrate by single electron transfer or SET, (2) adds electron rich hydrogen (as H2, or H-) to the substrate, (3) adds electron density from the substrate by reversing polarisation by removing electronegative oxygen or (4) electronegative halogen atoms.
For more information look in the Chemogenesis webbook section on redox chemistry.![](http://www.chemthes.com/mech/23.gif)
(CH3CO)2CO |
+ |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
8 |
[H] |
+ |
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2 |
CH3CH2OH |
+ |
H2O |
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RCOCl |
+ |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
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RCH2OH |
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RCOCl |
+ |
Li[Al(OtBu)3H] 1.0M in THF |
+ |
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RCHO |
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RCOCl |
+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on BaSO4 |
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RCHO |
+ |
HCl |
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RCHO |
+ |
NaBH4 |
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RCH2OH |
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RCHO |
+ |
H2N–NH2 |
+ |
OH–(aq) |
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R–CH3 |
+ |
N2 |
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RCHO |
+ |
Zn(Hg) |
+ |
H+(aq) |
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R–CH3 |
+ |
Zn2+ |
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+ |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
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RCH2NH2 |
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RCOOH |
+ |
LiAlH4 |
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RCH2OH |
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2 |
RCOOH |
+ |
B2H6 |
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2 |
RCH2OH |
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+ |
LiAlH4 |
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RCH2OH |
+ |
R–OH |
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+ |
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RCHO |
+ |
R–OH |
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+ |
NaBH4 |
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R2CHOH |
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+ |
H2N–NH2 |
+ |
OH–(aq) |
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+ |
N2 |
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R–CN |
+ |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
4 |
[H] |
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RCH2NH2 |
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R–CN |
+ |
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RCHO |
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+ |
2 |
Fe |
+ |
6 |
H+ |
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+ |
2 |
H2O |
+ |
2 |
Fe3+ |
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+ |
3 |
Sn |
+ |
6 |
H+ |
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+ |
3 |
Sn2+ |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
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+ |
NaBH4 |
+ |
2 |
[H] |
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R–NO2 |
+ |
2 |
(CH3CH2O)3P |
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R–N |
+ |
2 |
(CH3CH2O)3P=O |
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+ |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
2 |
[H] |
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CH3CH2OH |
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HCHO |
+ |
H– |
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[CH3–O]– |
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RCHO |
+ |
H– |
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R–CH2O– |
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CH3CHO |
+ |
H– |
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CH3CH2O– |
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+ |
H– |
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[(CH3)2CH–O]– |
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+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pt |
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+ |
Na |
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+ |
Na+ |
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HOOH |
+ |
Fe2+ |
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[H2O2]+• |
+ |
Fe3+ |
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+ |
Na |
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+ |
Na+ |
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2 |
C |
+ |
O2 |
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2 |
CO |
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12 |
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+ |
4 |
NaBH4 |
+ |
4 |
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4 |
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+ |
3 |
NaBF4 |
+ |
4 |
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3 |
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+ |
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+ |
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+ |
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3 |
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+ |
(CH3)2S→BH3 |
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+ |
(CH3)2S |
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CuSO4 |
+ |
Zn |
+ |
H+(aq) |
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Cu |
+ |
Zn2+ |
+ |
[SO4]2– |
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R–C≡C–R |
+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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R–C≡C–R |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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R–C≡C–R |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
+ |
Pt on carbon |
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+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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+ |
H2 |
+ |
Rh on Carbon |
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RCOOH |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
+ |
Ru on carbon |
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RCH2OH |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
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RCHO |
+ |
H2 |
+ |
Ru on carbon |
+ |
H2O |
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RCH2OH |
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+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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+ |
2 |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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+ |
H2O |
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+ |
H2 |
+ |
Ru on carbon |
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+ |
3 |
H2 |
+ |
Rh on Carbon |
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2 |
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+ |
6 |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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+ |
NH3 |
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+ |
2 |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
+ |
H+(aq) |
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+ |
R–NH2 |
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+ |
3 |
H2 |
+ |
Rh on Carbon |
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+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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+ |
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RCl |
+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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R–H |
+ |
HCl |
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RBr |
+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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R–H |
+ |
HBr |
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R–I |
+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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R–H |
+ |
HI |
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+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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R–CH2CH2OH |
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RHC=N–NH2 |
+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pt on carbon |
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R–CH2–NNH2 |
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+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pt on carbon |
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+ |
H2 |
+ |
Ru on carbon |
+ |
H2O |
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R2CHOH |
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+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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+ |
4 |
H2 |
+ |
Rh on Carbon |
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R–CN |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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RCH2NH2 |
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2 |
R–CN |
+ |
4 |
H2 |
+ |
Rh on Carbon |
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(RCH2)2NH |
+ |
NH3 |
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R–CN |
+ |
R–NH2 |
+ |
4 |
H2 |
+ |
Rh on Carbon |
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+ |
NH3 |
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3 |
R–CN |
+ |
6 |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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2 |
(RCH2)3N |
+ |
2 |
NH3 |
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+ |
2 |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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2 |
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+ |
4 |
H2 |
+ |
Pt on carbon |
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+ |
NH3 |
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+ |
H2 |
+ |
H2O |
+ |
Pd on C |
+ |
H+(aq) |
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+ |
NH3 |
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+ |
3 |
H2 |
+ |
Ni |
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+ |
2 |
H2O |
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+ |
2 |
H2 |
+ |
Pt on carbon |
+ |
CH3CH2OH |
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+ |
H2O |
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+ |
2 |
H2 |
+ |
Pt on carbon |
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+ |
H2O |
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R2N–NO |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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(R)2N–NH2 |
+ |
H2O |
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+ |
2 |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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+ |
H2O |
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+ |
3 |
H2 |
+ |
Rh on Carbon |
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+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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+ |
H2O |
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+ |
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+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pt on carbon |
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+ |
H2O |
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+ |
2 |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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R–CN |
+ |
2 |
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+ |
Pd on C |
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RCH2NH2 |
+ |
2 |
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2 |
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+ |
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+ |
Pd on C |
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2 |
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+ |
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RCHO |
+ |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
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RCH2OH |
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+ |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
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R2CHOH |
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R–NO2 |
+ |
LiAlH4 |
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R–NH2 |
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RCOO– |
+ |
LiAlH4 |
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RCH2OH |
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+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
+ |
CH3OH |
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+ |
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+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
+ |
(CH3)3COH |
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+ |
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+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
+ |
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+ |
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+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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+ |
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+ |
NaBH4 |
+ |
2 |
[H] |
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+ |
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+ |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
2 |
[H] |
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+ |
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+ |
NaBH4 |
+ |
2 |
[H] |
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+ |
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+ |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
2 |
[H] |
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+ |
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+ |
NaBH4 |
+ |
3 |
[H] |
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+ |
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+ |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
2 |
[H] |
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+ |
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+ |
NaBH4 |
+ |
3 |
[H] |
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+ |
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+ |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
2 |
[H] |
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+ |
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+ |
NaBH4 |
+ |
4 |
[H] |
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+ |
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+ |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
2 |
[H] |
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+ |
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+ |
NaBH4 |
+ |
2 |
[H] |
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+ |
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+ |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
2 |
[H] |
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+ |
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+ |
2 |
Na |
+ |
Hg |
+ |
2 |
CH3CH2OH |
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+ |
2 |
Na+ |
+ |
2 |
CH3CH2O– |
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+ |
2 |
Na |
+ |
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+ |
4 |
[H] |
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+ |
2 |
Na+ |
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+ |
4 |
Na |
+ |
4 |
CH3CH2OH |
+ |
NH3 |
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+ |
4 |
Na+ |
+ |
4 |
CH3CH2O– |
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+ |
8 |
Li |
+ |
CH3CH2NH2 |
+ |
8 |
[H] |
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+ |
8 |
Li+ |
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+ |
2 |
Li |
+ |
2 |
CH3CH2NH2 |
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+ |
2 |
Li+ |
+ |
2 |
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+ |
2 |
Li |
+ |
CH3CH2NH2 |
+ |
2 |
[H] |
+ |
H2O |
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+ |
CH3OH |
+ |
2 |
Li+ |
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+ |
2 |
Li |
+ |
2 |
CH3CH2NH2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
2 |
Li+ |
+ |
2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
2 |
Li |
+ |
CH3CH2NH2 |
+ |
2 |
[H] |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
(CH3)2NH |
+ |
2 |
Li+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
CaO |
+ |
3 |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
CaC2 |
+ |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
RCHO |
+ |
![]() |
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![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
R3COH |
+ |
2 |
K |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
![]() |
+ |
2 |
K+ |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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![]() |
![]() |
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![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2 |
+ |
Ni/H2 Raney Nickel |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
R–CH3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pt on carbon |
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![]() |
3 |
![]() |
+ |
Al(OiPr)3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
3 |
![]() |
+ |
3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SiO2 |
+ |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Si |
+ |
CO2 |
![]() |
![]() |
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![]() |
Fe2O3 |
+ |
3 |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Fe |
+ |
3 |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
ZnO |
+ |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Zn |
+ |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
MgO |
+ |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Mg |
+ |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
PbO |
+ |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
3 |
Mn3O4 |
+ |
8 |
Al |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
9 |
Mn |
+ |
4 |
Al2O3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Cr2O3 |
+ |
2 |
Al |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Cr |
+ |
Al2O3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
B2O3 |
+ |
2 |
Al |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
B |
+ |
Al2O3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
TiCl4 |
+ |
2 |
Mg |
+ |
Ar |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Ti |
+ |
2 |
MgCl2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
TiCl4 |
+ |
4 |
Na |
+ |
Ar |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Ti |
+ |
4 |
NaCl |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
B(OCH3)3 |
+ |
4 |
NaH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
NaBH4 |
+ |
3 |
NaOCH3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
AlCl3 |
+ |
4 |
LiH |
![]() |
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![]() |
![]() |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
3 |
LiCl |
![]() |
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![]() |
![]() |
2 |
H2 |
+ |
Al |
+ |
Li |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
LiAlH4 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SiCl4 |
+ |
LiAlH4 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SiH4 |
+ |
LiCl |
+ |
AlCl3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
BF3 |
+ |
6 |
NaH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
B2H6 |
+ |
6 |
NaF |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
B2O3 |
+ |
2 |
Al |
+ |
3 |
H2 |
+ |
AlCl3 |
![]() |
![]() |
B2H6 |
+ |
Al2O3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
4 |
![]() |
+ |
3 |
NaBH4 |
+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
B2H6 |
+ |
3 |
NaBF4 |
+ |
4 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SO2 |
+ |
2 |
H2S |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
3 |
S |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
3 |
Cl2O |
+ |
10 |
NH3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
6 |
NH4Cl |
+ |
2 |
N2 |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
CH3OH |
+ |
2 |
Na |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
NaOCH3 |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
CO |
+ |
NaH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
HCOONa |
+ |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
NH3 |
+ |
2 |
e–(am) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
[H2N]– |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
[NH4]+ |
+ |
2 |
e–(am) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
NH3 |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
NaNO3 |
+ |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
NaNO2 |
+ |
CO2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
NaNO3 |
+ |
Zn |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
NaNO2 |
+ |
ZnO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
PCl3 |
+ |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
3 |
[H] |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
PH3 |
+ |
3 |
Cl– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
BCl3 |
+ |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
6 |
[H] |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
B2H6 |
+ |
6 |
Cl– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Na2SO4 |
+ |
2 |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Na2S |
+ |
2 |
CO2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
HC≡CH |
+ |
2 |
Na |
+ |
NH3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
NaC≡CNa |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
HC≡CH |
+ |
2 |
K |
+ |
NH3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
KC≡CK |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
HC≡CH |
+ |
2 |
Rb |
+ |
NH3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
RbC≡CRb |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
HC≡CH |
+ |
2 |
Cs |
+ |
NH3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
CsC≡CCs |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
BeSO4 |
+ |
4 |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
BeS |
+ |
4 |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
MgSO4 |
+ |
4 |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
MgS |
+ |
4 |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
CaSO4 |
+ |
4 |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
CaS |
+ |
4 |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SrSO4 |
+ |
4 |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SrS |
+ |
4 |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
BaSO4 |
+ |
4 |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
BaS |
+ |
4 |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
BeO |
+ |
3 |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Be2C |
+ |
2 |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
MgO |
+ |
3 |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
MgC2 |
+ |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SrO |
+ |
3 |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SrC2 |
+ |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
BaO |
+ |
3 |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
BaC2 |
+ |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
BCl3 |
+ |
3 |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
B |
+ |
6 |
HCl |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
B2O3 |
+ |
3 |
Mg |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
B |
+ |
3 |
MgO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SiO2 |
+ |
3 |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SiC |
+ |
2 |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SiO2 |
+ |
2 |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Si |
+ |
2 |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SiCl4 |
+ |
2 |
Mg |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Si |
+ |
2 |
MgCl2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Na2[SiF6] |
+ |
4 |
Na |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Si |
+ |
6 |
NaF |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
GeO2 |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Ge |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
C60 |
+ |
3 |
K |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
K3C60 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
PdCl2 |
+ |
CO |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Pd |
+ |
CO2 |
+ |
2 |
HCl |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Fe2O3 |
+ |
3 |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Fe |
+ |
3 |
CO2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
CuO |
+ |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Cu |
+ |
CO2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SiCl4 |
+ |
4 |
LiH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SiH4 |
+ |
4 |
LiCl |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
GeCl4 |
+ |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
GeH4 |
+ |
LiCl |
+ |
AlCl3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
GeO2 |
+ |
NaBH4 |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
GeH4 |
+ |
NaBO2 Na3[B3O6] |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SnCl4 |
+ |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SnH4 |
+ |
LiCl |
+ |
AlCl3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Sb2S3 |
+ |
3 |
Fe |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Sb |
+ |
3 |
FeS |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
P2O5 |
+ |
10 |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
P |
+ |
10 |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Bi2O3 |
+ |
3 |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Bi |
+ |
3 |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
CuSO4 |
+ |
H2N–NH2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Cu |
+ |
N2 |
+ |
2 |
H2SO4 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
H2N–NH2 |
+ |
Zn |
+ |
2 |
HCl |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
NH3 |
+ |
ZnCl2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
3 |
HN3 |
+ |
2 |
Na |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
NaN3 |
+ |
NH3 |
+ |
N2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
HNO2 |
+ |
2 |
I– |
+ |
2 |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
NO |
+ |
I2 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
NO2 |
+ |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
NO |
+ |
CO2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
N2O4 |
+ |
2 |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
NO |
+ |
2 |
CO2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SO3 |
+ |
H2S |
+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
AgF2 |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
AgF |
+ |
2 |
HF |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Te(OH)6 |
+ |
6 |
HI |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
TeI4 |
+ |
I2 |
+ |
6 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[IO3]– |
+ |
5 |
I– |
+ |
6 |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
3 |
I2 |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Cl2 |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
HClO |
+ |
HCl |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
F2 |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
HF |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Cl2 |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
HCl |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Br2 |
+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pt |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
HBr |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
TiO2 |
+ |
2 |
C |
+ |
2 |
Cl2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
TiCl4 |
+ |
2 |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
ClO2 |
+ |
HOOH |
+ |
2 |
NaOH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
NaClO2 |
+ |
O2 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
XeF2 |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Xe |
+ |
2 |
HF |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
XeF4 |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Xe |
+ |
4 |
HF |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
XeF6 |
+ |
3 |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Xe |
+ |
6 |
HF |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
NO2 |
+ |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
NO |
+ |
CO2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
S4N4 |
+ |
4 |
Ag |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
2 |
Ag2S |
+ |
N2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
RCOCl |
+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
RCHO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
N2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
R2S |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2N–NH2 |
+ |
CH3CH2OH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
N2 |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
(CH3)3COH |
+ |
2 |
K |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
![]() |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
CH4 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
4 |
H2O |
+ |
3 |
FeCl2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
H2 |
+ |
Fe3O4 |
+ |
6 |
HCl |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Ca3(PO4)2 |
+ |
10 |
Coke |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
P |
+ |
6 |
CaO |
+ |
10 |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
4 |
CaSO4 |
+ |
2 |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
4 |
CaO |
+ |
4 |
SO2 |
+ |
2 |
CO2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
SO2 |
+ |
Zn |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
ZnS2O3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
SO2 |
+ |
HCOONa |
+ |
NaOH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
CO2 |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
8 |
SO2 |
+ |
NaBH4 |
+ |
8 |
NaOH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
4 |
![]() |
+ |
NaBO2 Na3[B3O6] |
+ |
6 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
S |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
H2S |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
I2 |
+ |
SO2 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
HI |
+ |
H2SO4 |
![]() |
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R–NO2 |
+ |
3 |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
![]() |
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![]() |
R–NH2 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
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![]() |
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![]() |
+ |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
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+ |
R–OH |
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![]() |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
![]() |
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RCH2OH |
+ |
R–OH |
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![]() |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
![]() |
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![]() |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
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![]() |
![]() |
+ |
LiAlH4 |
![]() |
![]() |
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![]() |
R–CH2CH2OH |
![]() |
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![]() |
+ |
LiAlH4 |
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![]() |
RCOOH |
+ |
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![]() |
RCH2OH |
![]() |
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![]() |
+ |
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+ |
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R2CHOH |
![]() |
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R–CN |
+ |
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RCH2NH2 |
![]() |
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![]() |
+ |
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+ |
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R–CH2CH2OH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
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![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
RCH2OH |
+ |
R–OH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
KCl |
+ |
Na |
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![]() |
![]() |
K |
+ |
NaCl |
![]() |
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![]() |
![]() |
2 |
KF |
+ |
CaC2 |
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![]() |
2 |
K |
+ |
CaF2 |
+ |
2 |
C |
![]() |
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![]() |
BeF2 |
+ |
Mg |
![]() |
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Be |
+ |
MgF2 |
![]() |
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![]() |
3 |
CaO |
+ |
2 |
Al |
![]() |
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![]() |
3 |
Ca |
+ |
Al2O3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Na2Cr2O7 .H2O |
+ |
3 |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Cr2O3 |
+ |
2 |
Na2CO3 |
+ |
CO2 |
+ |
4 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
Na2Cr2O7 .H2O |
+ |
S |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Cr2O3 |
+ |
Na2SO4 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Na2Cr2O7 .H2O |
+ |
2 |
NH4Cl |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Cr2O3 |
+ |
2 |
NaCl |
+ |
N2 |
+ |
6 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
Cr2O3 |
+ |
3 |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Cr |
+ |
3 |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
B2O3 |
+ |
6 |
Mg |
+ |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
B4C |
+ |
6 |
MgO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
B2O3 |
+ |
4 |
Al |
+ |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
B4C |
+ |
2 |
Al2O3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
TiO2 |
+ |
3 |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
TiC |
+ |
2 |
CO |
![]() |
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![]() |
![]() |
HC≡CH |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
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H2C=CH2 |
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![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2 |
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![]() |
+ |
H2 |
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![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
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![]() |
![]() |
CH3CHO |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
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![]() |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
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![]() |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
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![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
3 |
H2 |
+ |
Pd on C |
![]() |
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![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
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+ |
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![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2 |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
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![]() |
[VO2]+ |
+ |
Zn |
+ |
2 |
H+ |
+ |
4 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
[VO]2+ |
+ |
Zn2+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[VO]2+ |
+ |
Zn |
+ |
2 |
HCl(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[VCl2(H2O)4]+ |
+ |
Zn2+ |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[VO]2+ |
+ |
Zn |
+ |
H2SO4(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[V(H2O)6]3+ |
+ |
Zn2+ |
+ |
[SO4]2– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[VCl2(H2O)4]+ |
+ |
Zn |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[V(H2O)6]2+ |
+ |
Zn2+ |
+ |
2 |
Cl– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[V(H2O)6]3+ |
+ |
Zn |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[V(H2O)6]2+ |
+ |
Zn2+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Cr2O7]2– |
+ |
3 |
Zn |
+ |
14 |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Cr3+ |
+ |
3 |
Zn2+ |
+ |
7 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Cr2O7]2– |
+ |
3 |
Zn |
+ |
14 |
HCl(aq) |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
[CrCl2(H2O)4]+ |
+ |
3 |
Zn2+ |
+ |
10 |
Cl– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[CrCl2(H2O)4]+ |
+ |
Zn |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Cr(H2O)6]2+ |
+ |
Zn2+ |
+ |
2 |
Cl– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
[MnO4]– |
+ |
5 |
Zn |
+ |
16 |
H+ |
+ |
4 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
[Mn(H2O)6]2+ |
+ |
5 |
Zn2+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
[MnO4]– |
+ |
5 |
Zn |
+ |
16 |
HCl(aq) |
+ |
4 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
[Mn(H2O)6]2+ |
+ |
5 |
Zn2+ |
+ |
16 |
Cl– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
2 |
I– |
+ |
Fe2+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
[SO4]2– |
+ |
I2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
2 |
Fe2+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
[SO4]2– |
+ |
2 |
Fe3+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Fe3+ |
+ |
2 |
I– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Fe2+ |
+ |
I2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
[MnO4]– |
+ |
5 |
H2SO3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Mg2+ |
+ |
5 |
[SO4]2– |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
+ |
4 |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
[CuCl4]2– |
+ |
Cu |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[CuCl4]3– |
+ |
Cu+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
[VO2]+ |
+ |
3 |
Zn |
+ |
8 |
H+ |
+ |
8 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
[V(H2O)6]2+ |
+ |
3 |
Zn2+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
[Ag(CN)2]– |
+ |
Zn |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Ag |
+ |
Zn2+ |
+ |
4 |
[CN]– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
NaBH4 |
+ |
2 |
[H] |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
4 |
H2 |
+ |
Ni |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
8 |
[H] |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
3 |
Sn |
+ |
6 |
HCl(conc) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
3 |
Sn2+ |
+ |
6 |
Cl– |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
3 |
H2 |
+ |
Ni |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Fe2O3 |
+ |
2 |
Al |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Fe |
+ |
Al2O3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[ClO]– |
+ |
2 |
I– |
+ |
2 |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Cl– |
+ |
I2 |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
TiO2 |
+ |
2 |
C |
+ |
2 |
Cl2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
TiCl4 |
+ |
2 |
CO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Fe2O3 |
+ |
3 |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
4 |
Fe |
+ |
3 |
CO2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[SO4]2– |
+ |
2 |
Br– |
+ |
4 |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SO2 |
+ |
Br2 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
H2SO4 |
+ |
2 |
Br– |
+ |
2 |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SO2 |
+ |
Br2 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
FeTiO3 |
+ |
2 |
C |
+ |
2 |
Cl2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
TiCl4 |
+ |
2 |
CO |
+ |
FeO |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
AgNO3 |
+ |
Zn |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Ag |
+ |
Zn(NO3)2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Ag+ |
+ |
Zn |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Ag |
+ |
Zn2+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
PbO2 |
+ |
2 |
Cl– |
+ |
4 |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Pb2+ |
+ |
Cl2 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
NH4NO3 |
+ |
C |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
N2 |
+ |
CO2 |
+ |
4 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
HOOH |
+ |
2 |
I– |
+ |
2 |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
H2O |
+ |
I2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Ag+ |
+ |
SO2 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Ag |
+ |
[SO4]2– |
+ |
4 |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
FeS |
+ |
Mg |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
MgS |
+ |
Fe |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
NO |
+ |
2 |
CO |
+ |
Catalytic Converter Pt | Rh | Pd | Ir |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
N2 |
+ |
2 |
CO2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2 |
+ |
Ni |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2 |
+ |
Ni |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
NaBH4 |
+ |
2 |
[H] |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
2 |
[H] |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
NaBH4 |
+ |
2 |
[H] |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
2 |
[H] |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
CH3CN |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
+ |
Ni |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
CH3CH2NH2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2 |
+ |
Ni |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
LiAlH4 |
+ |
6 |
[H] |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Fe2O3 |
+ |
3 |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Fe |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Cu2+ |
+ |
4 |
I– |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
CuI |
+ |
I2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
+ |
Ni |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[MnO4]– |
+ |
3 |
Fe2+ |
+ |
4 |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
MnO2 |
+ |
3 |
Fe3+ |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Cr2O7]2– |
+ |
6 |
V2+ |
+ |
14 |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Cr3+ |
+ |
6 |
V3+ |
+ |
7 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Cr3+ |
+ |
Zn |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Cr2+ |
+ |
Zn2+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
© Mark R. Leach 1999 –
Queries, Suggestions, Bugs, Errors, Typos...
If you have any:
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Bug, typo or grammatical error reports about this page,please contact Mark R. Leach, the author, using mark@meta-synthesis.com