
Interactions | Reactions | Processes
Classified as: Proton transfer: Brønsted reaction
The Brønsted acid/base protonation reaction involves the transfer of a proton from a Lewis base complex to a Lewis base with a higher proton affinity. The process is a special case nucleophilic substitution (at an H+ centre).
This analysis is explained in detail in the Chemogenesis webbook.
NaNO2 |
+ |
H+ |
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HNO2 |
+ |
Na+ |
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RCOOH |
+ |
Base– Proton abstractor |
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RCOO– |
+ |
Base-H Protonated base |
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+ |
HBr |
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R–OH |
+ |
RBr |
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RMgCl |
+ |
H2O |
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R–H |
+ |
Mg2+ |
+ |
[OH]– |
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CH3MgI |
+ |
H2O |
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CH4 |
+ |
Mg2+ |
+ |
[OH]– |
+ |
I– |
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+ |
Base– Proton abstractor |
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+ |
Cl– |
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+ |
Base– Proton abstractor |
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+ |
Br– |
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+ |
Base– Proton abstractor |
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+ |
HI |
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+ |
NaOH |
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+ |
[OH]– |
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+ |
H2O |
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+ |
NaH |
+ |
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+ |
H2 |
+ |
Na+ |
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[(C6H5)3P–CH2R]+ |
+ |
NaH |
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+ |
H2 |
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+ |
[OH]– |
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+ |
H2O |
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+ |
HBF4(aq) |
+ |
H2O |
+ |
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+ |
[BF4]– |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
H2C=CH2 |
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[CH3CH2]+ |
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H+ |
+ |
CH3CH2OH |
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HNO3 |
+ |
2 |
H2SO4 |
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[NO2]+ |
+ |
2 |
[HSO4]– |
+ |
[H3O]+ |
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NH3 |
+ |
H2O |
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[NH4]+ |
+ |
[OH]– |
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NH3(aq) |
+ |
H2O |
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[NH4]+ |
+ |
[OH]– |
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.880 NH3 |
+ |
H2O |
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[NH4]+ |
+ |
[OH]– |
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+ |
H2O |
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+ |
CH3OH |
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CuO |
+ |
H2SO4(aq) |
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CuSO4 |
+ |
H2O |
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CaC2 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
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HC≡CH |
+ |
Ca(OH)2 |
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+ |
2 |
Base– Proton abstractor |
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R–C≡C–R |
+ |
2 |
Base-H Protonated base |
+ |
2 |
Cl– |
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+ |
NaNH2 |
+ |
NH3 |
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R–C≡C–R |
+ |
NH3 |
+ |
NaCl |
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R–C≡C–H |
+ |
RLi |
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R–C≡C– |
+ |
Li+ |
+ |
R–H |
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RLi |
+ |
H2O |
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R–H |
+ |
Li+ |
+ |
[OH]– |
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H+ |
+ |
[R–S–CH2]– |
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R–S–CH3 |
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R–S–CH3 |
+ |
Base– Proton abstractor |
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[R–S–CH2]– |
+ |
Base-H Protonated base |
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+ |
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+ |
Li+ |
+ |
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+ |
Base– Proton abstractor |
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+ |
Base-H Protonated base |
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+ |
Base– Proton abstractor |
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+ |
Base-H Protonated base |
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R–H |
+ |
Base– Proton abstractor |
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R– |
+ |
Base-H Protonated base |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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+ |
H2O |
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+ |
Li+ |
+ |
[OH]– |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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3 |
H+ |
+ |
3 |
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3 |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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H+ |
+ |
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Li3N |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
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3 |
LiOH |
+ |
NH3 |
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Na2O2 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
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HOOH |
+ |
2 |
NaOH |
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Na2O2 |
+ |
2 |
HCl |
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HOOH |
+ |
2 |
NaCl |
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2 |
K2O |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
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HOOH |
+ |
2 |
KOH |
+ |
O2 |
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CO2 |
+ |
2 |
[OH]– |
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[CO3]2– |
+ |
H2O |
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LiH |
+ |
H2O |
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LiOH |
+ |
H2 |
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NaH |
+ |
H2O |
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NaOH |
+ |
H2 |
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KH |
+ |
H2O |
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KOH |
+ |
H2 |
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RbH |
+ |
H2O |
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RbOH |
+ |
H2 |
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CsH |
+ |
H2O |
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CsOH |
+ |
H2 |
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CH3CH2OH |
+ |
KOH |
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CH3CH2O– |
+ |
K+ |
+ |
H2O |
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2 |
NaOH |
+ |
H2S |
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Na2S |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
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2 |
NaCl |
+ |
H2SO4 |
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2 |
HCl |
+ |
Na2SO4 |
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[CO3]2– |
+ |
CO2 |
+ |
H2O |
+ |
H2O |
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2 |
[HCO3]– |
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LiOH |
+ |
H2S |
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LiSH |
+ |
H2O |
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NaOH |
+ |
H2S |
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NaSH |
+ |
H2O |
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KOH |
+ |
H2S |
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KSH |
+ |
H2O |
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RbOH |
+ |
H2S |
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RbSH |
+ |
H2O |
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CsOH |
+ |
H2S |
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CsSH |
+ |
H2O |
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2 |
LiOH |
+ |
H2S |
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Li2S |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
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2 |
KOH |
+ |
H2S |
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K2S |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
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2 |
RbOH |
+ |
H2S |
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Rb2S |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
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2 |
CsOH |
+ |
H2S |
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Cs2S |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
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Li2S |
+ |
H2O |
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LiSH |
+ |
LiOH |
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Na2S |
+ |
H2O |
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NaSH |
+ |
NaOH |
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K2S |
+ |
H2O |
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KSH |
+ |
KOH |
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Rb2S |
+ |
H2O |
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RbSH |
+ |
RbOH |
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Cs2S |
+ |
H2O |
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CsSH |
+ |
CsOH |
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2 |
LiNH2 |
+ |
NH3 |
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LiNH2 |
+ |
NH3 |
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Be3N2 |
+ |
6 |
H2O |
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3 |
Be(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
NH3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Mg3N2 |
+ |
6 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
3 |
Mg(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
NH3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Ca3N2 |
+ |
6 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
3 |
Ca(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
NH3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Sr3N2 |
+ |
6 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
3 |
Sr(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
NH3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Ba3N2 |
+ |
6 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
3 |
Ba(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
NH3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Ca2+ |
+ |
2 |
[HCO3]– |
+ |
Ca(OH)2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
CaCO3 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
BeH2 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Be(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
MgH2 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Mg(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
CaH2 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Ca(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SrH2 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Sr(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
BaH2 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Ba(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
BeH2 |
+ |
2 |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Be2+ |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
MgH2 |
+ |
2 |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Mg2+ |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
CaH2 |
+ |
2 |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Ca2+ |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SrH2 |
+ |
2 |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Sr2+ |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
BaH2 |
+ |
2 |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Ba2+ |
+ |
2 |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
CaF2 |
+ |
H2SO4 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
HF |
+ |
CaSO4 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Be2C |
+ |
4 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Be(OH)2 |
+ |
CH4 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
MgC2 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
HC≡CH |
+ |
Mg(OH)2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SrC2 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
HC≡CH |
+ |
Sr(OH)2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
BaC2 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
HC≡CH |
+ |
Ba(OH)2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
4 |
H+ |
+ |
C4– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
CH4 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
D2 |
+ |
H2 |
+ |
[OH]– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
HD |
+ |
DOH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Mg2Si |
+ |
2 |
H2SO4 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SiH4 |
+ |
2 |
MgSO4 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
NH3 |
+ |
HCl |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
NH4Cl |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
NH4Cl |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
NH3 |
+ |
HCl |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Ca3P2 |
+ |
6 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
PH3 |
+ |
3 |
Ca(OH)2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Cs3As |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
H3As |
+ |
3 |
CsOH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
K3As |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
H3As |
+ |
3 |
KOH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Li3As |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
H3As |
+ |
3 |
LiOH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Na3As |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
H3As |
+ |
3 |
NaOH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Rb3As |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
H3As |
+ |
3 |
RbOH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Cs3Sb |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
H3Sb |
+ |
3 |
CsOH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
K3Sb |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
H3Sb |
+ |
3 |
KOH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Li3Sb |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
H3Sb |
+ |
3 |
LiOH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Na3Sb |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
H3Sb |
+ |
3 |
NaOH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Rb3Sb |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
H3Sb |
+ |
3 |
RbOH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
H2N–OH |
+ |
HCl |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
NH3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[NH4]+ |
+ |
[H2N]– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
3 |
HN3 |
+ |
2 |
Na |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
NaN3 |
+ |
NH3 |
+ |
N2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
N2O3 |
+ |
2 |
H2SO4 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
[NO]+ |
+ |
2 |
[HSO4]– |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Na2CO3 |
+ |
SO2 |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Na2SO3 |
+ |
CO2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Na2SO3 |
+ |
2 |
HCl |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
SO2 |
+ |
2 |
NaCl |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[HSO3]– |
+ |
SO2 |
+ |
2 |
Na+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Ag2CO3 |
+ |
2 |
HF |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
AgF |
+ |
CO2 |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
K2CO3 |
+ |
4 |
HF |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
K[HF2] |
+ |
CO2 |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
HCl |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[H3O]+ |
+ |
Cl– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
HF |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
H+ |
+ |
[FHF]– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
CH3CH2OH |
+ |
H2SO4 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
H2C=CH2 |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2SO4 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
CH3–CH=CH2 |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
(CH3)3COH |
+ |
H2SO4 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
![]() |
+ |
2 |
Na |
+ |
CH3CH2OH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
2 |
NaBr |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
2 |
Base– Proton abstractor |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[H3]+ |
+ |
Base: Proton abstractor |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
H+ |
+ |
H2 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[H3]+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Na2[B4O5(OH)4] .8H2O |
+ |
2 |
HCl(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
4 |
H3BO3 |
+ |
2 |
NaCl |
+ |
5 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
H+ |
+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Ca3(PO4)2 |
+ |
3 |
H2SO4 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
H3PO4 |
+ |
3 |
CaSO4 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
NaOCl(aq) |
+ |
2 |
HCl |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Cl2 |
+ |
NaCl |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
NaOH |
+ |
HBr |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
NaBr |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
NH3 |
+ |
HNO3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
NH4NO3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
HCOOH |
+ |
NaOH |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
HCOONa |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2SO4 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
Na2SO4 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
CH3NH2 |
+ |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[CH3NH3]+ |
+ |
[OH]– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Fe(H2O)6]2+ |
+ |
2 |
NaOH(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
Na+ |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Fe(H2O)6]2+ |
+ |
6 |
NaOH(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
Na+ |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
+ |
4 |
NaOH(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
[Fe(H2O)6]2+ |
+ |
2 |
NH3(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
[NH4]+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Fe(H2O)6]2+ |
+ |
2 |
NH3(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
[NH4]+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Co(H2O)6]2+ |
+ |
2 |
NaOH(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Co(H2O)4(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
Na+ |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Co(H2O)6]2+ |
+ |
6 |
NaOH(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Co(H2O)4(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
Na+ |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
+ |
4 |
NaOH(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
[Co(H2O)6]2+ |
+ |
2 |
NH3(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Co(H2O)4(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
[NH4]+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ |
+ |
2 |
NaOH(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Cu(H2O)4(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
Na+ |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ |
+ |
6 |
NaOH(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Cu(H2O)4(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
+ |
2 |
Na+ |
+ |
4 |
NaOH(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ |
+ |
2 |
NH3(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Cu(H2O)4(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
[NH4]+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ |
+ |
3 |
NaOH(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
+ |
3 |
Na+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ |
+ |
6 |
NaOH(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
+ |
3 |
Na+ |
+ |
3 |
NaOH(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ |
+ |
3 |
NH3(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 |
+ |
3 |
[NH4]+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ |
+ |
6 |
NH3(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 |
+ |
3 |
[NH4]+ |
+ |
3 |
NH3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ |
+ |
3 |
[CO3]2– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 |
+ |
3 |
CO2 |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Al(H2O)6]3+ |
+ |
3 |
NaOH(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Al(H2O)3(OH)3 Al(OH)3 |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
+ |
3 |
Na+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Al(H2O)6]3+ |
+ |
4 |
NaOH(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Al(OH)4]– |
+ |
4 |
Na+ |
+ |
6 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Al(H2O)3(OH)3 Al(OH)3 |
+ |
NaOH(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Al(OH)4]– |
+ |
Na+ |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Al(H2O)3(OH)3 Al(OH)3 |
+ |
3 |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Al(H2O)6]3+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Al(H2O)6]3+ |
+ |
3 |
NH3(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Al(H2O)3(OH)3 Al(OH)3 |
+ |
3 |
[NH4]+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Al(H2O)6]3+ |
+ |
6 |
NH3(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Al(H2O)3(OH)3 Al(OH)3 |
+ |
3 |
[NH4]+ |
+ |
3 |
NH3 |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
[Al(H2O)6]3+ |
+ |
3 |
[CO3]2– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Al(H2O)3(OH)3 Al(OH)3 |
+ |
3 |
CO2 |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Cr(H2O)6]2+ |
+ |
3 |
NaOH(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Cr(H2O)3(OH)3 |
+ |
3 |
Na+ |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Cr(H2O)6]2+ |
+ |
6 |
NaOH(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Cr(OH)6]3– |
+ |
6 |
H2O |
+ |
6 |
Na+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Cr(H2O)6]2+ |
+ |
3 |
NH3(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Cr(H2O)3(OH)3 |
+ |
3 |
[NH4]+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
[Cr(H2O)6]2+ |
+ |
3 |
[CO3]2– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
2 |
Cr(H2O)3(OH)3 |
+ |
3 |
CO2 |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Cr(H2O)3(OH)3 |
+ |
6 |
NH3(aq) |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Cr(NH3)6]2+ |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
+ |
3 |
[OH]– |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Fe(H2O)4(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Fe(H2O)6]2+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Co(H2O)4(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Co(H2O)6]2+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
Cu(H2O)4(OH)2 |
+ |
2 |
H+ |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
![]() |
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ |
![]() |
![]() |
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Fe(H2O)3(OH)3 |
+ |
3 |
H+ |
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[Fe(H2O)6]3+ |
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Cr(H2O)3(OH)3 |
+ |
3 |
H+ |
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[Cr(H2O)6]2+ |
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[Fe(H2O)6]3+ |
+ |
H2O |
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[Co(NH3)6]2+ |
+ |
[H3O]+ |
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Fe2(SO4)3 .5H2O |
+ |
7 |
H2O |
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2 |
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ |
+ |
3 |
[SO4]2– |
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Cr(H2O)3(OH)3 |
+ |
3 |
NaOH(aq) |
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[Cr(OH)6]3– |
+ |
3 |
Na+ |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
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[Cr(H2O)6]2+ |
+ |
H2O |
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Cr(H2O)5(OH)]2+ |
+ |
[H3O]+ |
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[Cr(H2O)6]2+ |
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Cr(H2O)5(OH)]2+ |
+ |
H+ |
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H+ |
+ |
[AlCl4]– |
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AlCl3 |
+ |
HCl |
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+ |
HBr |
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+ |
Br– |
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+ |
H+ |
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+ |
Br– |
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+ |
HBr |
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3 |
Na2O |
+ |
2 |
H3PO4 |
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2 |
Na3PO4 |
+ |
3 |
H2O |
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Na2O |
+ |
2 |
H+ |
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2 |
Na+ |
+ |
H2O |
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2 |
NaF |
+ |
H2SO4 |
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2 |
HF |
+ |
Na2SO4 |
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2 |
NaBr |
+ |
H2SO4 |
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2 |
HBr |
+ |
Na2SO4 |
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4 |
NaBr |
+ |
3 |
H2SO4 |
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2 |
HBr |
+ |
2 |
Na2SO4 |
+ |
Br2 |
+ |
SO2 |
+ |
2 |
H2O |
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2 |
NaI |
+ |
H2SO4 |
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2 |
HI |
+ |
Na2SO4 |
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NaI |
+ |
H2SO4 |
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HI |
+ |
I2 |
+ |
SO2 |
+ |
S |
+ |
H2S |
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+ |
2 |
HCl(aq) |
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+ |
2 |
Cl– |
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+ |
NaOH(aq) |
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+ |
Na+ |
+ |
H2O |
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CH3COOH |
+ |
KOH |
+ |
H2O |
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[CH3COO]– |
+ |
K+ |
+ |
H2O |
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+ |
[OH]– |
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+ |
H2O |
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H2O |
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H+ |
+ |
[OH]– |
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BaCl2 |
+ |
H2SO4(aq) |
+ |
H2O |
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BaSO4 |
+ |
2 |
HCl |
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2 |
NH3 |
+ |
H2SO4 |
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(NH4)2SO4 |
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2 |
KF |
+ |
H2SO4 |
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2 |
HF |
+ |
K2SO4 |
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+ |
[OH]– |
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+ |
HBr |
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+ |
H+ |
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HNO3 |
+ |
H2SO4 |
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+ |
[HSO4]– |
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HNO3|H2SO4 concentrated |
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+ |
[HSO4]– |
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RCOOH |
+ |
2 |
LiCH3 |
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+ |
LiCH3 |
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H2C=CH2 |
+ |
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+ |
Li+ |
+ |
CH4 |
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© Mark R. Leach 1999 –
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Bug, typo or grammatical error reports about this page,please contact Mark R. Leach, the author, using mark@meta-synthesis.com