
Interactions | Reactions | Processes
Classified as: Radical Substitution
Radical substitution (or abstraction) involves a radical species removing an atom (often H or a halogen) from a nearby molecule.
However, the radical abstraction reaction usually produces a new radical centre which is itself able to undergo a radical substitution. Thus, the scene is set for a cyclical sequence of back-to-back radical substitutions which proceed until one or more of the reagents are consumed. Radical substitutions require a catalytic quantity of "initiator" (a substance which easily fragments into radicals, such as dibenzoyl peroxide) plus heat or UV light to get the reaction going. Radical substitutions are slowly terminated as the various radical centres in the reaction mixture couple together. For more information look in the Chemogenesis webbook section on radical reactions.
CH4 |
+ |
Cl2 |
+ |
hν |
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CH3Cl |
+ |
HCl |
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CH4 |
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Cl• |
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CH3• |
+ |
HCl |
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(C6H5)3CCl |
+ |
Ag |
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(C6H5)3C• |
+ |
AgCl |
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+ |
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+ |
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[H2]+• |
+ |
H2 |
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[H3]+ |
+ |
H• |
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+ |
Br2 |
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(CH3)3CBr |
+ |
HBr |
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Cl2 |
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+ |
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HCl |
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+ |
Cl2 |
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+ |
HCl |
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CH3• |
+ |
Cl2 |
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CH3Cl |
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Cl• |
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CH4 |
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Br2 |
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CH3Br |
+ |
HBr |
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+ |
CH3• |
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H2C=C=O |
+ |
CH4 |
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H2C=C=O |
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CH4 |
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(CH3CO)2CO |
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H2C=C=O |
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CH3COOH |
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MgSO4 |
+ |
4 |
C |
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MgS |
+ |
4 |
CO |
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CH4 |
+ |
2 |
Cl2 |
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hν |
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CH2Cl2 |
+ |
2 |
HCl |
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CH4 |
+ |
3 |
Cl2 |
+ |
hν |
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CHCl3 |
+ |
3 |
HCl |
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CH4 |
+ |
4 |
Cl2 |
+ |
hν |
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CCl4 |
+ |
4 |
HCl |
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H• |
+ |
O2 |
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HO• |
+ |
O |
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O |
+ |
H2 |
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HO• |
+ |
H• |
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HO• |
+ |
H2 |
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H2O |
+ |
H• |
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H2O |
+ |
O |
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HO• |
+ |
HO• |
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HO• |
+ |
HO• |
+ |
m |
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HOOH |
+ |
m* |
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H• |
+ |
HOO• |
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H2 |
+ |
O2 |
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O |
+ |
HOO• |
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HO• |
+ |
O2 |
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HO• |
+ |
HOO• |
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H2O |
+ |
O2 |
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CO |
+ |
HO• |
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CO2 |
+ |
H• |
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CO |
+ |
HOO• |
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CO2 |
+ |
HO• |
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+ |
H• |
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CO |
+ |
H2 |
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+ |
O |
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CO |
+ |
HO• |
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+ |
O |
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CO2 |
+ |
H• |
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+ |
HO• |
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CO |
+ |
H2O |
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O2 |
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CO |
+ |
HOO• |
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HCHO |
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H• |
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+ |
H2 |
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HCHO |
+ |
O |
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+ |
HO• |
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HCHO |
+ |
HO• |
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+ |
H2O |
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HCHO |
+ |
HOO• |
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HOOH |
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CH4 |
+ |
H• |
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CH3• |
+ |
H2 |
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CH4 |
+ |
O |
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CH3• |
+ |
HO• |
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CH4 |
+ |
HO• |
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CH3• |
+ |
H2O |
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CH3• |
+ |
O |
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HCHO |
+ |
H• |
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CH2 |
+ |
H• |
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H2 |
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CH2 |
+ |
O |
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CO |
+ |
2 |
H• |
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CH2 |
+ |
O2 |
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CO2 |
+ |
2 |
H• |
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+ |
O |
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CO |
+ |
H• |
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4 |
CH4 |
+ |
10 |
Cl2 |
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CH3Cl |
+ |
CH2Cl2 |
+ |
CHCl3 |
+ |
CCl4 |
+ |
10 |
HCl |
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+ |
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+ |
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SO2 |
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Cl2 |
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hν |
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+ |
SO2 |
+ |
O2 |
+ |
hν |
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2 |
CH3CHO |
+ |
O2 |
+ |
Cu2+ |
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(CH3CO)2CO |
+ |
H2O |
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CH3CH3 |
+ |
Cl2 |
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CH3CH2Cl |
+ |
HCl |
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CH3CH3 |
+ |
H2C=CH2 |
+ |
Cl2 |
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2 |
CH3CH2Cl |
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+ |
2 |
NH3 |
+ |
CuCl |
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+ |
NH4Cl |
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+ |
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+ |
HCl |
+ |
AlCl3 |
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2 |
H2O |
+ |
2 |
Cl2 |
+ |
hν |
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O2 |
+ |
4 |
HCl |
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CH3Cl |
+ |
Cl• |
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+ |
HCl |
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+ |
Cl2 |
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CH2Cl2 |
+ |
Cl• |
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CH2Cl2 |
+ |
Cl2 |
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CHCl3 |
+ |
HCl |
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CH2Cl2 |
+ |
Cl• |
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Cl2HC• |
+ |
HCl |
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Cl2HC• |
+ |
Cl2 |
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CHCl3 |
+ |
Cl• |
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CH3Cl |
+ |
Cl2 |
+ |
hν |
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CH2Cl2 |
+ |
HCl |
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CHCl3 |
+ |
Cl2 |
+ |
hν |
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CCl4 |
+ |
HCl |
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CHCl3 |
+ |
Cl• |
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Cl3C• |
+ |
HCl |
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Cl3C• |
+ |
Cl2 |
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CCl4 |
+ |
Cl• |
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+ |
Cl2 |
+ |
hν |
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+ |
HCl |
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+ |
Cl2 |
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HCl |
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© Mark R. Leach 1999 –
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