Interactions | Reactions | Processes

Classified as: Radical Substitution

Radical substitution (or abstraction) involves a radical species removing an atom (often H or a halogen) from a nearby molecule.

However, the radical abstraction reaction usually produces a new radical centre which is itself able to undergo a radical substitution. Thus, the scene is set for a cyclical sequence of back-to-back radical substitutions which proceed until one or more of the reagents are consumed.

Radical substitutions require a catalytic quantity of "initiator" (a substance which easily fragments into radicals, such as dibenzoyl peroxide) plus heat or UV light to get the reaction going. Radical substitutions are slowly terminated as the various radical centres in the reaction mixture couple together.

For more information look in the Chemogenesis webbook section on radical reactions.

CH4
  +  
Cl2
  +  
hν
         
CH3Cl
  +  
HCl

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CH4
  +  
Cl•
         
CH3•
  +  
HCl

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(C6H5)3CCl
  +  
Ag
         
(C6H5)3C•
  +  
AgCl

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  +  
         
  +  

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[H2]+•
  +  
H2
         
[H3]+
  +  
H•

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  +  
Br2
         
(CH3)3CBr
  +  
HBr

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  +  
Cl2
         
  +  
  +  
HCl

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  +  
Cl2
         
  +  
HCl

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CH3•
  +  
Cl2
         
CH3Cl
  +  
Cl•

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CH4
  +  
Br2
         
CH3Br
  +  
HBr

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  +  
CH3•
         
H2C=C=O
  +  
CH4

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H2C=C=O
  +  
CH4

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(CH3CO)2CO
         
H2C=C=O
  +  
CH3COOH

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MgSO4
  +  
4
C
         
MgS
  +  
4
CO

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CH4
  +  
2
Cl2
  +  
hν
         
CH2Cl2
  +  
2
HCl

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CH4
  +  
3
Cl2
  +  
hν
         
CHCl3
  +  
3
HCl

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CH4
  +  
4
Cl2
  +  
hν
         
CCl4
  +  
4
HCl

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H•
  +  
O2
         
HO•
  +  
O

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O
  +  
H2
         
HO•
  +  
H•

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HO•
  +  
H2
         
H2O
  +  
H•

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H2O
  +  
O
         
HO•
  +  
HO•

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HO•
  +  
HO•
  +  
m
         
HOOH
  +  
m*

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H•
  +  
HOO•
         
H2
  +  
O2

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O
  +  
HOO•
         
HO•
  +  
O2

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HO•
  +  
HOO•
         
H2O
  +  
O2

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CO
  +  
HO•
         
CO2
  +  
H•

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CO
  +  
HOO•
         
CO2
  +  
HO•

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  +  
H•
         
CO
  +  
H2

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  +  
O
         
CO
  +  
HO•

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  +  
O
         
CO2
  +  
H•

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  +  
HO•
         
CO
  +  
H2O

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  +  
O2
         
CO
  +  
HOO•

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HCHO
  +  
H•
         
  +  
H2

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HCHO
  +  
O
         
  +  
HO•

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HCHO
  +  
HO•
         
  +  
H2O

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HCHO
  +  
HOO•
         
  +  
HOOH

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CH4
  +  
H•
         
CH3•
  +  
H2

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CH4
  +  
O
         
CH3•
  +  
HO•

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CH4
  +  
HO•
         
CH3•
  +  
H2O

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CH3•
  +  
O
         
HCHO
  +  
H•

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CH2
  +  
H•
         
  +  
H2

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CH2
  +  
O
         
CO
  +  
2
H•

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CH2
  +  
O2
         
CO2
  +  
2
H•

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  +  
O
         
CO
  +  
H•

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4
CH4
  +  
10
Cl2
         
CH3Cl
  +  
CH2Cl2
  +  
CHCl3
  +  
CCl4
  +  
10
HCl

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  +  
         
  +  

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  +  
SO2
  +  
Cl2
  +  
hν
         

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  +  
SO2
  +  
O2
  +  
hν
         

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2
CH3CHO
  +  
O2
  +  
Cu2+
         
(CH3CO)2CO
  +  
H2O

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CH3CH3
  +  
Cl2
         
CH3CH2Cl
  +  
HCl

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CH3CH3
  +  
H2C=CH2
  +  
Cl2
         
2
CH3CH2Cl

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  +  
2
NH3
  +  
CuCl
         
  +  
NH4Cl

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  +  
  +  
HCl
  +  
AlCl3
         

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2
H2O
  +  
2
Cl2
  +  
hν
         
O2
  +  
4
HCl

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CH3Cl
  +  
Cl•
         
  +  
HCl

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  +  
Cl2
         
CH2Cl2
  +  
Cl•

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CH2Cl2
  +  
Cl2
         
CHCl3
  +  
HCl

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CH2Cl2
  +  
Cl•
         
Cl2HC•
  +  
HCl

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Cl2HC•
  +  
Cl2
         
CHCl3
  +  
Cl•

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CH3Cl
  +  
Cl2
  +  
hν
         
CH2Cl2
  +  
HCl

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CHCl3
  +  
Cl2
  +  
hν
         
CCl4
  +  
HCl

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CHCl3
  +  
Cl•
         
Cl3C•
  +  
HCl

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Cl3C•
  +  
Cl2
         
CCl4
  +  
Cl•

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  +  
Cl2
  +  
hν
         
  +  
HCl

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  +  
Cl2
         
  +  
HCl

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© Mark R. Leach 1999 –

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