Interactions | Reactions | Processes


Classified as: Type 7 Lewis Acid/Base Complexation Chemistry

Type 7 complexes, which form when s-LUMO Lewis acids complex with Lobe-HOMO Lewis bases, are commonly used as the basic reagents of organic and inorganic chemistry: methyl lithium, sodamide, potassium hydroxide, sodium fluoride, potassium hydrogen phthalate, etc.

Type 7 complexes are generally ionic or highly polar covalent species (ie they are charge controlled complexes) and are soluble in polar solvents. The proton abstracting power of a particular Type 7 reagent depends upon the pKa of its conjugate Brønsted acid as proton abstraction power is only subtly altered by the s-LUMO Lewis acid counter ion. Lithium Type 7 complexes are less ionic and less basic than the corresponding sodium salts. Li+ < Na+ < K+ < Cs+

For more information look in the Chemogenesis webbook sections on Lewis acids and Lewis bases and the Lewis acid/base interaction matrix.


  +  
KMnO4
  +  
         
  +  
[MnO4]

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Na+
  +  
[H2N]
         
NaNH2

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Na+
  +  
Cl
         
NaCl

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Na+
  +  
[OH]
         
NaOH

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Li+
  +  
[CH3]
         
LiCH3

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Li+
  +  
         

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K+
  +  
[OH]
         
KOH

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K+
  +  
         

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K+
  +  
[(CH3)3C–O]
         

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Na+
  +  
[N3]
         
NaN3

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Na+
  +  
[HSO3]
         
NaHSO3

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Na+
  +  
[CN]
         
NaCN

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Na+
  +  
I
         
NaI

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Mg2+
  +  
R
  +  
X
Spectator Anion
         
RMgX

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Ba2+
  +  
[CO3]2–
         
BaCO3

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Ba2+
  +  
2
[OH]
         
Ba(OH)2

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Be2+
  +  
2
Br
         
BeBr2

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2
Cs+
  +  
[CO3]2–
         
Cs2CO3

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Ca2+
  +  
2
[CH3COO]
         
Ca(CH3COO)2

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Ca2+
  +  
S2–
         
CaS

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Ca2+
  +  
O2–
         
CaO

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3
Li+
  +  
N3–
         
Li3N

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K+
  +  
         

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Na+
  +  
[NO2]
         
NaNO2

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Mg2+
  +  
R
  +  
Cl
         
RMgCl

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Mg2+
  +  
R
  +  
Br
         
RMgBr

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Mg2+
  +  
[CH3]
  +  
I
         
CH3MgI

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Li+
  +  
R
         
RLi

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Li+
  +  
Br
         
LiBr

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Li+
  +  
         

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Li+
  +  
HC≡C
         
R–C≡C–Li

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Li+
  +  
         

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Li+
  +  
         

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Ba2+
  +  
[C2O4]2–
         
BaC2O4

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Ba2+
  +  
[CrO4]2–
         
BaCrO4

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Ba2+
  +  
[SO4]2–
         
BaSO4

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Ca2+
  +  
[CO3]2–
         
CaCO3

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Ca2+
  +  
[C2O4]2–
         
CaC2O4

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Ca2+
  +  
2
F
         
CaF2

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Ca2+
  +  
[SO4]2–
         
CaSO4

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Mg2+
  +  
[CO3]2–
         
MgCO3

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Mg2+
  +  
[C2O4]2–
  +  
2
H2O
         
MgC2O4
.H2O

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Mg2+
  +  
2
F
         
MgF2

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Mg2+
  +  
2
[OH]
         
Mg(OH)2

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Sr2+
  +  
[CO3]2–
         
SrCO3

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Sr2+
  +  
[C2O4]2–
  +  
H2O
         
SrC2O4

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Sr2+
  +  
[SO4]2–
         
SrSO4

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2
Na+
  +  
[SO3]2–
  +  
7
H2O
         
Na2SO3
.7H2O

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2
Na+
  +  
[SO3]2–
         
Na2SO3

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2
Na+
  +  
S2–
  +  
9
H2O
         
Na2S.9H2O

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2
Na+
  +  
S2–
         
Na2S

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Cu2+
  +  
[CO3]2–
         
CuCO3
(unknown)

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2
Na+
  +  
[CO3]2–
         
Na2CO3

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Na+
  +  
Br
         
NaBr

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K+
  +  
I
         
KI

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K+
  +  
Br
         
KBr

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K+
  +  
F
         
KF

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Mg2+
  +  
O2–
         
MgO

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Ca2+
  +  
2
Br
         
CaBr2

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Ca2+
  +  
2
Cl
         
CaCl2

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Ca2+
  +  
[WO4]2–
         
CaWO4

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2
Na+
  +  
[SO4]2–
         
Na2SO4

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Mg2+
  +  
[SO4]2–
  +  
7
H2O
         
MgSO4
.7H2O

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Ca2+
  +  
[SO4]2–
  +  
2
H2O
         
CaSO4
.2H2O

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2
Na+
  +  
[B4O7]2–
  +  
10
H2O
         
Na2[B4O5(OH)4]
.8H2O

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Na+
  +  
[NO3]
         
NaNO3

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K+
  +  
Cl
         
KCl

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  +  
         

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Ca2+
  +  
C≡C
         
CaC2

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2
Li+
  +  
O2–
         
Li2O

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2
Na+
  +  
O2–
         
Na2O

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2
Rb+
  +  
O2–
         
Rb2O

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2
Cs+
  +  
O2–
         
Cs2O

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2
Li+
  +  
O–O
         
Li2O2

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2
Na+
  +  
O–O
         
Na2O2

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K+
  +  
[O–O]
         
K2O

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Li+
  +  
[O–O]
         
LiO2

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Na+
  +  
[O–O]
         
NaO2

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2
K+
  +  
O2–
         
KO2

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2
K+
  +  
O–O
         
K2O2

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2
Rb+
  +  
O–O
         
Rb2O2

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Rb+
  +  
[O–O]
         
RbO2

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2
Cs+
  +  
O–O
         
Cs2O2

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Cs+
  +  
[O–O]
         
CsO2

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2
K+
  +  
[CO3]2–
         
K2CO3

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K+
  +  
[HCO3]
         
KHCO3

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Na+
  +  
[HCO3]
         
NaHCO3

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Cs+
  +  
[OH]
         
CsOH

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Rb+
  +  
[OH]
         
RbOH

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2
Na+
  +  
         
Na2S2O3

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2
Li+
  +  
C≡C
         
LiC≡CLi

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K+
  +  
3
         
  +  
H+

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Li+
  +  
         
  +  
H+

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Li+
  +  
2
         
  +  
H+

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Na2CO3
  +  
Ca(OH)2
         
CaCO3
  +  
2
NaOH

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Be2+
  +  
O2–
         
BeO

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Sr2+
  +  
O2–
         
SrO

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Ba2+
  +  
O2–
         
BaO

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Ba2+
  +  
O–O
         
BaO2

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Be2+
  +  
2
[OH]
         
Be(OH)2

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Ca2+
  +  
2
[OH]
         
Ca(OH)2

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Sr2+
  +  
2
[OH]
         
Sr(OH)2

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BeO
  +  
H2O
         
Be(OH)2

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MgO
  +  
H2O
         
Mg(OH)2

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CaO
  +  
H2O
         
Ca(OH)2

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SrO
  +  
H2O
         
Sr(OH)2

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BaO
  +  
H2O
         
Ba(OH)2

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BaO2
  +  
2
H+
         
Ba2+
  +  
HOOH

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Ca2+
  +  
2
[OH]
  +  
CO2
  +  
H2O
         
CaCO3
  +  
H2O

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CaCO3
  +  
CO2
  +  
H2O
  +  
H2O
         
Ca2+
  +  
2
[HCO3]

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Be2+
  +  
[CO3]2–
         
BeCO3

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3
Li+
  +  
P3–
         
Li3P

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3
Li+
  +  
As3–
         
Li3As

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3
Li+
  +  
Sb3–
         
Li3Sb

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3
Na+
  +  
P3–
         
Na3P

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3
Na+
  +  
As3–
         
Na3As

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3
Na+
  +  
Sb3–
         
Na3Sb

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3
K+
  +  
P3–
         
K3P

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3
K+
  +  
As3–
         
K3As

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3
K+
  +  
Sb3–
         
K3Sb

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3
Rb+
  +  
P3–
         
Rb3P

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3
Rb+
  +  
As3–
         
Rb3As

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3
Rb+
  +  
Sb3–
         
Rb3Sb

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3
Cs+
  +  
P3–
         
Cs3P

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3
Cs+
  +  
As3–
         
Cs3As

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3
Cs+
  +  
Sb3–
         
Cs3Sb

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Li+
  +  
F
         
LiF

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Li+
  +  
Cl
         
LiCl

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Li+
  +  
I
         
LiI

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Na+
  +  
F
         
NaF

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Rb+
  +  
F
         
RbF

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Rb+
  +  
Cl
         
RbCl

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Rb+
  +  
Br
         
RbBr

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Rb+
  +  
I
         
RbI

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Cs+
  +  
F
         
CsF

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Cs+
  +  
Cl
         
CsCl

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Cs+
  +  
Br
         
CsBr

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Cs+
  +  
I
         
CsI

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2
Li+
  +  
S2–
         
Li2S

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2
K+
  +  
S2–
         
K2S

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2
Rb+
  +  
S2–
         
Rb2S

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2
Cs+
  +  
S2–
         
Cs2S

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Li+
  +  
[HS]
         
LiSH

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Na+
  +  
[HS]
         
NaSH

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K+
  +  
[HS]
         
KSH

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Rb+
  +  
[HS]
         
RbSH

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Cs+
  +  
[HS]
         
CsSH

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LiOH
  +  
H2S
         
LiSH
  +  
H2O

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NaOH
  +  
H2S
         
NaSH
  +  
H2O

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KOH
  +  
H2S
         
KSH
  +  
H2O

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RbOH
  +  
H2S
         
RbSH
  +  
H2O

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CsOH
  +  
H2S
         
CsSH
  +  
H2O

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2
LiOH
  +  
H2S
         
Li2S
  +  
2
H2O

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2
KOH
  +  
H2S
         
K2S
  +  
2
H2O

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2
RbOH
  +  
H2S
         
Rb2S
  +  
2
H2O

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2
CsOH
  +  
H2S
         
Cs2S
  +  
2
H2O

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Li2S
  +  
H2O
         
LiSH
  +  
LiOH

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Na2S
  +  
H2O
         
NaSH
  +  
NaOH

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K2S
  +  
H2O
         
KSH
  +  
KOH

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Rb2S
  +  
H2O
         
RbSH
  +  
RbOH

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Cs2S
  +  
H2O
         
CsSH
  +  
CsOH

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2
Li+
  +  
Se2–
         
Li2Se

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2
Na+
  +  
Se2–
         
Na2Se

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2
K+
  +  
Se2–
         
K2Se

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2
Rb+
  +  
Se2–
         
Rb2Se

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2
Cs+
  +  
Se2–
         
Cs2Se

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2
Li+
  +  
Te2–
         
Li2Te

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2
Na+
  +  
Te2–
         
Na2Te

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2
K+
  +  
Te2–
         
K2Te

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2
Rb+
  +  
Te2–
         
Rb2Te

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2
Cs+
  +  
Te2–
         
Cs2Te

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2
LiNH2
  +  
NH3
         
LiNH2
  +  
NH3

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Li+
  +  
[H2N]
         
LiNH2

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K+
  +  
[H2N]
         
KNH2

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Rb+
  +  
[H2N]
         
RbNH2

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Cs+
  +  
[H2N]
         
CsNH2

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2
Li+
  +  
[HN]2–
         
LiNH2

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2
Na+
  +  
C≡C
         
NaC≡CNa

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2
K+
  +  
C≡C
         
KC≡CK

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2
Rb+
  +  
C≡C
         
RbC≡CRb

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2
Cs+
  +  
C≡C
         
CsC≡CCs

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3
Be2+
  +  
2
N3–
         
Be3N2

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3
Mg2+
  +  
2
N3–
         
Mg3N2

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3
Ca2+
  +  
2
N3–
         
Ca3N2

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3
Sr2+
  +  
2
N3–
         
Sr3N2

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3
Ba2+
  +  
2
N3–
         
Ba3N2

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3
Be2+
  +  
2
P3–
         
Be3P2

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3
Mg2+
  +  
2
P3–
         
Mg3P2

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3
Ca2+
  +  
2
P3–
         
Ca3P2

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3
Sr2+
  +  
2
P3–
         
Sr3P2

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3
Ba2+
  +  
2
P3–
         
Ba3P2

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Be2+
  +  
S2–
         
BeS

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Sr2+
  +  
S2–
         
SrS

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Ba2+
  +  
S2–
         
BaS

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Be2+
  +  
Se2–
         
BeS

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Mg2+
  +  
Se2–
         
MgSe

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Ca2+
  +  
Se2–
         
CaSe

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Sr2+
  +  
Se2–
         
SrSe

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Ba2+
  +  
Se2–
         
BaSe

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Be2+
  +  
Te2–
         
BeTe

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Mg2+
  +  
Te2–
         
MgTe

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Ca2+
  +  
Te2–
         
CaTe

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Sr2+
  +  
Te2–
         
SrTe

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Ba2+
  +  
Te2–
         
BaTe

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Be2+
  +  
2
F
         
BeF2

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Be2+
  +  
2
Cl
         
BeCl2

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Be2+
  +  
2
I
         
BeI2

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Mg2+
  +  
2
Cl
         
MgCl2

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Mg2+
  +  
2
Br
         
MgBr2

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Mg2+
  +  
2
I
         
MgI2

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Ca2+
  +  
2
I
         
CaI2

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Sr2+
  +  
2
F
         
SrF2

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Sr2+
  +  
2
Cl
         
SrCl2

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Sr2+
  +  
2
Br
         
SrBr2

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Sr2+
  +  
2
I
         
SrI2

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Ba2+
  +  
2
F
         
BaF2

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Ba2+
  +  
2
Cl
         
BaCl2

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Ba2+
  +  
2
Br
         
BaBr2

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Ba2+
  +  
2
I
         
BaI2

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Be2+
  +  
2
[H2N]
         
Be(NH2)2

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Mg2+
  +  
2
[H2N]
         
Mg(NH2)2

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Ca2+
  +  
2
[H2N]
         
Ca(NH2)2

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Sr2+
  +  
2
[H2N]
         
Sr(NH2)2

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Ba2+
  +  
2
[H2N]
         
Ba(NH2)2

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Be2+
  +  
[SO4]2–
         
BeSO4

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Mg2+
  +  
[SO4]2–
         
MgSO4

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Mg2+
  +  
C≡C
         
MgC2

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Sr2+
  +  
C≡C
         
SrC2

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Ba2+
  +  
C≡C
         
BaC2

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2
Be2+
  +  
C4–
         
Be2C

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Tl+
  +  
[I3]
         
TlI3

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Na+
  +  
[BO2]
[B3O6]3–
         
NaBO2
Na3[B3O6]

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Be2+
  +  
[SiO3]2–
         
Be2SiO4

Go To Reaction Data Page


3
Ca2+
  +  
2
[PO4]3–
         
Ca3(PO4)2

Go To Reaction Data Page


Ca2+
  +  
[SiO3]2–
         
CaSiO3

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K+
  +  
[O3]
         
KO3

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2
Na+
  +  
         
Na2S4O6

Go To Reaction Data Page


2
Na+
  +  
         

Go To Reaction Data Page


2
Na+
  +  
         

Go To Reaction Data Page


2
Na+
  +  
         

Go To Reaction Data Page


KF
  +  
HF
         
K[HF2]

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K+
  +  
[FHF]
         
K[HF2]

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Na+
  +  
[ClO3]
         
NaClO3

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Na+
  +  
[ClO2]
         
NaClO2

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K+
  +  
[ClO3]
         
KClO3

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K+
  +  
[ClO4]
         
KClO4

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Na+
  +  
[ClO4]
         
NaClO4

Go To Reaction Data Page


K+
  +  
[BrO4]
         
NaBrO4

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K+
  +  
[BrO3]
         
NaBrO3

Go To Reaction Data Page


I–Cl
  +  
KCl
         
K+
  +  
[ICl2]

Go To Reaction Data Page


I–Cl
  +  
KI
         
K+
  +  
[I2Cl]

Go To Reaction Data Page


Ca2+
  +  
2
[HCO3]
         
Ca(HCO3)2

Go To Reaction Data Page


Ca(HCO3)2
  +  
H2SO4
         
CaSO4
  +  
2
CO2
  +  
2
H2O

Go To Reaction Data Page


Na+
  +  
         

Go To Reaction Data Page


Ca2+
  +  
         

Go To Reaction Data Page


2
  +  
Ca2+
         
  +  
2
Na+

Go To Reaction Data Page


2
H+
  +  
         

Go To Reaction Data Page


K+
  +  
[NO3]
         
2
KNO3

Go To Reaction Data Page


2
Na+
  +  
[C2O4]2–
         

Go To Reaction Data Page


K+
  +  
[CN]
         
KCN

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  +  
         

Go To Reaction Data Page


  +  
         

Go To Reaction Data Page


2
K+
  +  
[Cr2O7]2–
         
K2Cr2O7

Go To Reaction Data Page


Mg2+
  +  
2
[NO3]
  +  
6
H2O
         
Mg(NO3)2
.6H2O

Go To Reaction Data Page


Na+
  +  
[SiO3]2–
         
Na2SiO3
solution

Go To Reaction Data Page


Na+
  +  
[OH]
  +  
H2O
         
NaOH(aq)

Go To Reaction Data Page


Ca2+
  +  
2
[OH]
         
Ca(OH)2(aq)

Go To Reaction Data Page


Ba2+
  +  
[SO4]2–
  +  
H2O
         
BaSO4

Go To Reaction Data Page


Na+
  +  
[ClO]
         
NaOCl(aq)

Go To Reaction Data Page


Na+
  +  
[CH3COO]
         
CH3COONa

Go To Reaction Data Page


BaCl2
  +  
H2SO4(aq)
  +  
H2O
         
BaSO4
  +  
2
HCl

Go To Reaction Data Page


BaCl2
  +  
Na2SO4
  +  
H2O
         
BaSO4
  +  
2
NaCl

Go To Reaction Data Page


Li+
  +  
         

Go To Reaction Data Page


Li+
  +  
         

Go To Reaction Data Page


Li+
  +  
[(CH3)3C]
         

Go To Reaction Data Page


© Mark R. Leach 1999 –


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If you have any:

Queries
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please contact Mark R. Leach, the author, using mark@meta-synthesis.com